US interest in Greenland has drawn attention to Arctic submarine activity, prompting NATO allies to keep Russian and Chinese patrols under control. A British Astute‑class attack submarine is currently shadowing a Russian Project 955A "Vladimir the Great" ballistic‑missile submarine near Greenland, while US forces monitor the situation. Analysts warn that a US attempt to seize Greenland could strain the alliance and increase vulnerability to Russian or Chinese action. The move would also expose gaps in US Arctic defence, as the US lacks dedicated surveillance and naval presence compared to European allies such as Norway, Finland and the UK. The report highlights ongoing trilateral patrol agreements among the US, Norway and the UK, and notes that the US defence strategy does not yet address Greenland specifically. The tension reflects broader concerns about Arctic competition and NATO cohesion.

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